Psicología Clínica 5.0: Neurofeedback y Realidad Virtual Tomo I

Autores/as

Pedro Andres Muñoz Arteaga, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana; Maria Lorena Cañizares Jarrin, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana; Jessica Vanessa Quito Calle, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana; Andrés Alexis Ramírez Coronel, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana; Freddy Joel Auqui Cepeda, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana; Ana Karina Loja-Villazhiñay, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana; María Mercedes Pérez-Castro, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana; Pedro Andres Muñoz Arteaga, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana; Evelyn Brigitte Medina-Castillo, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana; Isabel Catalina Flores Sisalima, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana; Cristina Elizabeth Sacaquirin-Rivadeneira, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana; Susana Elodia Castro-Villalobos, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana; Juliana del Carmen Saquinaula Vargas, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana; María Eugenia Barros-Ponton, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana; Diego Ismael Rodas-Flores, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana; María Belén Cordero-Balarezo, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana; Jessica Daniela Chacha-Araujo, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana; Omar Francisco Saquicela-Ochoa, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana; Lauro Esteban Cañizares-Abril, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana; Daniela Estefanía Tandazo Guajala, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana; María Lorena Cañizares-Jarrin, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana; Luz Marina Castillo-Astudillo, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana; Jessica Vanessa Quito-Calle, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana; Nancy Fabiola Chumbay Salazar, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana

Palabras clave:

psicología cl´ínica, neurofeedback, neurociencia clínica, tecnologías en salud mental, neuroplasticidad

Sinopsis

PRÓLOGO

La psicología clínica ha experimentado, en las últimas décadas, una transformación profunda impulsada por la convergencia entre el conocimiento neurocientífico y el desarrollo acelerado de tecnologías emergentes. Este libro, Psicología Clínica 5.0: Neurofeedback y Realidad Virtual, se inscribe precisamente en ese punto de encuentro donde la mente humana, la evidencia científica y la innovación tecnológica dialogan para construir nuevas formas de comprender y acompañar el sufrimiento psicológico.

La obra que el lector tiene entre sus manos surge del esfuerzo coordinado de investigadores y docentes comprometidos con una visión contemporánea de la salud mental. La propuesta del libro no es únicamente describir tecnologías, sino situarlas en el contexto clínico de manera crítica, ética y responsable. El neurofeedback y la realidad virtual no son aquí instrumentos aislados, sino herramientas que cobran sentido en la medida en que se articulan con las necesidades reales de pacientes, familias y profesionales.

Cada capítulo ofrece una aproximación rigurosa a problemáticas que exigen nuevas respuestas: la epilepsia resistente, los desafíos del TDAH infantil, la ansiedad en edades tempranas y otros cuadros en los que las intervenciones tradicionales, aunque valiosas, resultan a veces insuficientes. A través de revisiones sistemáticas, metaanálisis y análisis descriptivos, esta obra pone a disposición del lector un panorama actualizado y accesible del estado actual de la evidencia científica.

Este libro es, además, una expresión de la madurez académica alcanzada por el Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencia Clínica Aplicada (GINCA) y por la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana. En sus páginas se evidencia una apuesta clara por la investigación colaborativa, el uso responsable de la tecnología y la convicción de que la psicología clínica del futuro será, necesariamente, una psicología dialogante con la tecnología, pero profundamente centrada en las personas.

Invito al lector a recorrer este texto con curiosidad y espíritu crítico. Aquí encontrará tanto fundamentos como perspectivas aplicadas, así como preguntas abiertas que convocan a nuevas formas de investigar y practicar. En un mundo donde los contextos cambian con rapidez y las necesidades de salud mental se complejizan, obras como esta constituyen un aporte necesario para la formación de profesionales capaces de responder a los desafíos del presente y del mañana.

 

Dr. Andrés Ramírez, Ph.D.

Carrera de Psicología Clínica

Universidad Politécnica Salesiana

Sede Cuenca

Capítulos

  • Capítulo 1. Intervenciones con Neurofeedback para la Epilepsia en adolescentes y adultos: Revisión Sistemática y Metaanálisis de Efectos
    Freddy Joel Auqui Cepeda, Ana Karina Loja-Villazhiñay, María Mercedes Pérez-Castro, Pedro Andres Muñoz Arteaga

  • Capítulo 2. Realidad Virtual Terapéutica para el TDAH Infantil: Revisión Sistemática
    Evelyn Brigitte Medina-Castillo, Isabel Catalina Flores Sisalima, Cristina Elizabeth Sacaquirin-Rivadeneira, Susana Elodia Castro-Villalobos

  • Capítulo 3. Intervenciones con realidad virtual para la ansiedad infantojuvenil: Revisión Sistemática y Metaanálisis
    Juliana del Carmen Saquinaula Vargas, María Eugenia Barros-Ponton, Diego Ismael Rodas-Flores, María Belén Cordero-Balarezo

  • Capítulo 4. Intervenciones con Realidad Virtual en el Tratamiento del Insomnio: Un Análisis en Población Adolescente y Adulta
    Jessica Daniela Chacha-Araujo, Omar Francisco Saquicela-Ochoa, Lauro Esteban Cañizares-Abril, Nancy Fabiola Chumbay Salazar

  • Capítulo 5. Intervenciones con Realidad Virtual para el Estrés en Adultos: Revisión Sistemática
    Daniela Estefanía Tandazo Guajala, María Lorena Cañizares-Jarrin, Luz Marina Castillo-Astudillo, Jessica Vanessa Quito-Calle

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Citas

Capítulo 1

Page, M., McKenzie, J., Bossuyt, P., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T., Mulrow, C., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J., Akl, E., Brennan, S., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M., Li, T., Loder, E., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. PLoS Medicine, 18(3), https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003583

Ouzzani, M., Hammady, H., Fedorowicz, Z., & Elmagarmid, A. (2016). Rayyan: A web and mobile app for systematic reviews. Systematic Reviews, 5(1), 210. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-016-0384-4

Barker, T., Stone, J., Sears, K., Klugar, M., Tufanaru, C., Leonardi-Bee, J., Aromataris, E., & Munn, Z. (2023). The revised JBI critical appraisal tool for the assessment of risk of bias for randomized controlled trials. JBI Evidence Synthesis, 21(3), 494–506. https://doi.org/10.11124/JBIES-22-00430

Moola, S., Munn, Z., Tufanaru, C., Aromataris, E., Sears, K., Sfetcu, R., Currie, M., Lisy, K., Qureshi, R., Mattis, P., & Mu, P. (2024). Systematic reviews of etiology and risk (2020). En E. Aromataris, C. Lockwood, K. Porritt, B. Pilla, & Z. Jordan (Eds.), JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis. JBI. https://synthesismanual.jbi.global. https://doi.org/10.46658/JBIMES-24-06

Abolghasemkhah-Salmasi, D., Fallahi, A., Hoseini-Tabatabaei, N., Hashemi-Fesharaki, S., Rostami, R., & Nazem-Zadeh, M. (2025). Assessing the effectiveness of neurofeedback for drug-resistant focal epilepsy MRI. Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies, 12(2). https://doi.org/10.18502/fbt.v12i2.18284

Salpekar, J. A. (2020). Seeking alpha: Can neurofeedback actually work? Epilepsy Currents, 20(3), 134–135. https://doi.org/10.1177/1535759720916178

White, D., Congedo, M., & Ciorciari, J. (2014). Source-based neurofeedback methods using EEG recordings: Training altered brain activity in a functional brain source derived from blind source separation. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 8, 373. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00373

Patel, K., Katz, C., Kalia, S., Popovic, M., & Valiante, T. (2021). Volitional control of individual neurons in the human brain. Brain, 144(12), 3651–3663. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awab370

Legarda, S., McMahon, D., Othmer, S., & Othmer, S. (2011). Clinical neurofeedback: Case studies, proposed mechanism, and implications for pediatric neurology practice. Journal of Child Neurology, 26(8), 1045–1051. https://doi.org/10.1177/0883073811405052

Walker, J. (2008). Power spectral frequency and coherence abnormalities in patients with intractable epilepsy and their usefulness in long-term remediation of seizures using neurofeedback. Clinical EEG and Neuroscience, 39(4), 203–205. https://doi.org/10.1177/155005940803900410

Surmeli, T., & Ertem, A. (2010). Post WISC-R and TOVA improvement with QEEG guided neurofeedback training in mentally retarded: A clinical case series of behavioral problems. Clinical EEG and Neuroscience, 41(1), 32–41. https://doi.org/10.1177/155005941004100108

Biondi, A., Simblett, S., Viana, P., Laiou, P., Fiori, A., Nurse, E., Schreuder, M., Pal, D., & Richardson, M. (2024). Feasibility and acceptability of an ultra-long-term at-home EEG monitoring system (EEG@HOME) for people with epilepsy. Epilepsy & Behavior, 151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2023.109609

Nagai, Y., Aram, J., Koepp, M., Lemieux, L., Mula, M., Critchley, H., Sisodiya, S., & Cercignani, M. (2018). Epileptic seizures are reduced by autonomic biofeedback therapy through enhancement of fronto-limbic connectivity: A controlled trial and neuroimaging study. EBioMedicine, 27, 112–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.12.012

Dohrmann, K., Weisz, N., Schlee, W., Hartmann, T., & Elbert, T. (2001). Neurofeedback training as a therapy for tinnitus [Neurofeedback in der therapie des tinnitus]. HNO, 49(1), 29–35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001060050704

Kropotov, J., & Nowak, H. (2022). The use of EEG neuro feedback in the rehabilitation of childhood epilepsy [Wykorzystanie EEG neuro feedbacku w rehabilitacji padaczki dzieciecej]. Neuropsychiatria i Neuropsychologia, 17(1–2), 24–30. https://doi.org/10.5114/nan.2022.117953

Kobau, R., Luncheon, C., & Greenlund, K. (2023). Active epilepsy prevalence among U.S. adults is 1.1% and differs by educational level: National Health Interview Survey, United States, 2021. Epilepsy & Behavior, 142, 109180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2023.109180

Quiñones Pesqueira, G., San-Juan, D., Huerta Albarrán, R., León Vázquez, M., Quiñones Canales, G., & González Pesqueira, J. (2023). A systematic review of the epidemiology of epilepsy in Mexico during 1970 to 2020. Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria, 81(1), 74–80. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1758647

Ferlazzo, E., Sueri, C., Gasparini, S., Russo, E., Cianci, V., Ascoli, M., De Sarro, G., & Aguglia, U. (2017). Methodological issues associated with clinical trials in epilepsy. Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology, 10(10), 1103–1108. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512433.2017.1356720

Meng, Y., Elkaim, L., Wang, J., Liu, J., Alotaibi, N., Ibrahim, G., Fallah, A., Weil, A., Valiante, T.., Lozano, A., & Rutka, J. (2017). Social media in epilepsy: A quantitative and qualitative analysis. Epilepsy & Behavior, 71, 79–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2017.04.033

Capítulo 2

Areces, D., Dockrell, J., Garcia, T., Gonzalez-Castro, P. & Rodríguez, C. (2018) Analysis of cognitive and attentional profiles in children with and without ADHD using an innovative virtual reality tool. PLoS ONE 13(8), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1371/

Areces, D., Rodríguez, C., García, T., Cueli, M. y González-Castro, P. (2021). Influencia de la ansiedad, rasgo y estado en el rendimiento en una prueba de desempeño continuo en realidad virtual en niños y adolescentes con síntomas de TDAH. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10 (12), 2534. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10122534

Carboni, A. (2011). El trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad. Psicología, Conocimiento y Sociedad, 1(3), 95-131. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/4758/475847405007.pdf

Gabarrón, E., Denecke, K. & López-Campos, G. Evaluación de la evidencia: una revisión sistemática de revisiones sobre la efectividad y seguridad de las intervenciones digitales para el TDAH. BMC Psychiatry, 25(414), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-06825-0

Llanos, L., García, D., González, H. & Puentes, P. (2019). Trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) en niños escolarizados de 6 a 17 años. Pediatría Atención Primaria, 21(83), 101-108. https://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1139-76322019000300004

Martinhago, F., Lavagnino, N., Folguera, G. & Caponi, S. (2019). Factores de riesgo y bases genéticas: el caso del trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad. Salud Colectiva, 15(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.18294/sc.2019.1952

Martin-Moratinos, M., Bella-Fernández, M., Rodrigo-Yanguas, M., González-Tardón, C., Li, C., Wang, P., Royuela, A., Lopez-Garcia, P. & Blasco-Fontecilla, H. (2025). Eficacia de un videojuego serio de realidad virtual (The Secret Trail of Moon) para la regulación emocional en niños con trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad: ensayo clínico aleatorizado. JMIR Serious Games, 13(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.2196/59124

Oh, S., Joung, Y., Chung, T., Lee, J., Seok, B., Kim, N. & Son, H. (2024). Diagnosis of ADHD using virtual reality and artificial intelligence: an exploratory study of clinical applications. Frontiers Psychiatry, 15(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1383547

Ougrin, D., Chatterton, S. & Banarsee, R. (2010). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): review for primary care clinicians. London J Prim Care (Abingdon), 3(1):45-51. https://doi.org/10.1080/17571472.2010.11493296

Romero-Ayuso, D., Toledano-González, A., Rodríguez-Martínez, M., Arroyo-Castillo, P., Triviño-Juárez, J., González, P., Ariza-Vega, P., González, A. & Segura-Fragoso, A. (2021) Effectiveness of Virtual Reality-Based Interventions for Children and Adolescents with ADHD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Children, 8(2), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/children8020070

Rusca- Jordán, F. & Cortez-Vergara, C. (2020). Trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH) en niños y adolescentes. Una revisión clínica. Revista de Neuro-Psiquiatría, 83(3), 148-156. https://doi.org/10.20453/rnp.v83i3.3794

Salari, N., Ghasemi, H., Abdoli, N. Rahmani, A., Hossain, M., Hossein, A., Akbari, H & Mohammadi, M. Prevalencia mundial del TDAH en niños y adolescentes: revisión sistemática y metaanálisis. Italy Journal Pediatry, 49(48), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-023-01456-1

Schena, A., Garotti, R., D'Alise, D., Giugliano, S., Polizzi, M., Trabucco, V., Riccio, M. & Bravaccio, C. (2023) IAmHero: Preliminary Findings of an Experimental Study to Evaluate the Statistical Significance of an Intervention for ADHD Conducted through the Use of Serious Games in Virtual Reality. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 20(4), 3414. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043414

Vega, G. (2024). Impacto del TDAH en el aprendizaje de estudiantes en edad escolar: una revisión sistemática. Revista San Gregorio, 1(57), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.36097/rsan.v1i57.2329

van Assen, M. A. L. M., van Aert, R. C. M., & Wicherts, J. M. (2015). Meta-analysis using effect size distributions of only statistically significant studies. Psychological Methods, 20(3), 293–309. https://doi.org/10.1037/met0000025

Yu, C., Wang, C., Xie, Q. & Wang, C. (2024) Effect of Virtual Reality Technology on Attention and Motor Ability in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JMIR Serious Games, 12(1), 1.17. https://doi.org/10.2196/56918

Capítulo 3

Aguirre-Loaiza, H. H., & Ramos Bermúdez, S. (2011). Ansiedad-estado y variables sociodemográficas en futbolistas juveniles colombianos durante competencia. Diversitas: Perspectivas en psicología, 7(2), 239-251. http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?pid=S1794-99982011000200004&script=sci_arttext

Armenta, K. O. H., & Morales, R. V. P. (2014). Ansiedad preoperatoria. Archivos de Investigación materno infantil, 6(2), 79-84. https://www.medigraphic.com/cgi-bin/new/resumen.cgi?IDARTICULO=56524

Barberio, B., Zamani, M., Black, CJ, Savarino, EV y Ford, AC (2021). Prevalencia de síntomas de ansiedad y depresión en pacientes con enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal: una revisión sistemática y un metaanálisis. The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology , 6 (5), 359-370. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/langas/article/PIIS2468-1253(21)00014-5/fulltext?s=09

Barker, T. H., Stone, J. C., Sears, K., Klugar, M., Tufanaru, C., Leonardi-Bee, J., ... & Munn, Z. (2023). The revised JBI critical appraisal tool for the assessment of risk of bias for randomized controlled trials. JBI evidence synthesis, 21(3), 494-506. https://doi.org/10.11124/JBIES-22-00430

Dean E. (2016). Anxiety. Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987), 30(46), 15. https://doi.org/10.7748/ns.30.46.15.s17

Delgado, E. C., De la Cera, D. X., Lara, M. F., & Arias, R. M. (2021). Generalidades sobre el trastorno de ansiedad. Revista cúpula, 35(1), 23-36. https://www.binasss.sa.cr/bibliotecas/bhp/cupula/v35n1/art02.pdf

Granada, J. A. A., & Aguirre-Loaiza, H. H. (2014). Ansiedad–estado a lo largo de las fases de competencia deportiva. Lúdica pedagógica, 1(19). https://doi.org/10.17227/01214128.19ludica111.121

Kupfer D. J. (2015). Anxiety and DSM-5. Dialogues in clinical neuroscience, 17(3), 245–246. https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2015.17.3/dkupfer

Lloyd, M., Sugden, N., Thomas, M., McGrath, A., & Skilbeck, C. (2023). The structure of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale: Theoretical and methodological considerations. British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953), 114(2), 457–475. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjop.12637

López, L. A. J., Ugalde, R. R., & López, A. A. D. (2014). Factores de riesgo asociados con el estado de ansiedad en niños de cuatro a seis años de edad que acuden por primera vez con el odontopediatra. Revista ADM Órgano Oficial de la Asociación Dental Mexicana, 71(1), 9-15. https://www.medigraphic.com/cgi-bin/new/resumen.cgi?IDARTICULO=48078

López-Ibáñez, C., López-Nicolás, R., Blázquez-Rincón, D. M., & Sánchez-Meca, J. (2024). Reliability generalization meta-analysis: Comparing different statistical methods. Current Psychology, 43(20), 18275-18293. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12144-023-05604-y

Nechita, D., Nechita, F., & Motorga, R. (2018). A review of the influence the anxiety exerts on human life. Romanian journal of morphology and embryology = Revue roumaine de morphologie et embryologie, 59(4), 1045–1051. https://www.rjme.ro/RJME/resources/files/59041810451051.pdf

Ochoa-Fuentes, D. A., Gutiérrez-Chablé, L. E., Méndez-Martínez, S., García-Flores, M. A., & Ayón-Aguilar, J. (2022). Confinamiento y distanciamiento social: estrés, ansiedad, depresión en niños y adolescentes [Confinement and social distancing: stress, anxiety, depression in children and adolescents]. Revista médica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 60(3), 338–344. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10396026/

Ouzzani, M., Hammady, H., Fedorowicz, Z., & Elmagarmid, A. (2016). Rayyan—a web and mobile app for systematic reviews. Systematic reviews, 5(1), 210. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13643-016-0384-4

Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., ... & Alonso-Fernández, S. (2021). Declaración PRISMA 2020: una guía actualizada para la publicación de revisiones sistemáticas. Revista española de cardiología, 74(9), 790-799. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.recesp.2021.06.016

Racine, N., McArthur, B. A., Cooke, J. E., Eirich, R., Zhu, J., & Madigan, S. (2021). Global Prevalence of Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms in Children and Adolescents During COVID-19: A Meta-analysis. JAMA pediatrics, 175(11), 1142–1150. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.2482

Walter, H. J., Bukstein, O. G., Abright, A. R., Keable, H., Ramtekkar, U., Ripperger-Suhler, J., & Rockhill, C. (2020). Clinical Practice Guideline for the Assessment and Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Anxiety Disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 59(10), 1107–1124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2020.05.005

Capítulo 4

Alvaro, P. K., Roberts, R. M., & Harris, J. K. (2013). A systematic review assessing bidirectionality between sleep disturbances, anxiety, and depression. Sleep, 36(7), 1059–1068. https://doi.org/10.5665/sleep.2810

American Academy of Sleep Medicine. (2014). International classification of sleep disorders (3rd ed.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596

Baglioni, C., Battagliese, G., Feige, B., Spiegelhalder, K., Nissen, C., Voderholzer, U., Lombardo, C., & Riemann, D. (2011). Insomnia as a predictor of depression: A meta-analytic evaluation of longitudinal epidemiological studies. Journal of Affective Disorders, 135(1-3), 10–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2011.01.011

Chang, A. M., Aeschbach, D., Duffy, J. F., & Czeisler, C. A. (2015). Evening use of light-emitting eReaders negatively affects sleep, circadian timing, and next-morning alertness. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112(4), 1232–1237. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1418490112

de Zambotti, M., Yuksel, D., Kiss, O., Barresi, G., Arra, N., Volpe, L., King, C., & Baker, F. C. (2022). A virtual reality-based mind-body approach to downregulate psychophysiological arousal in adolescent insomnia. Digital health, 8, 20552076221107887. https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076221107887

Dolsen, E. A., Asarnow, L. D., & Harvey, A. G. (2014). Insomnia as a transdiagnostic process in psychiatric disorders. Current Psychiatry Reports, 16(9), 471. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-014-0471-y

Fortier-Brochu, É., Beaulieu-Bonneau, S., Ivers, H., & Morin, C. M. (2012). Insomnia and daytime cognitive performance: A meta-analysis. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 16(1), 83–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2011.03.008

Freeman, D., Haselton, P., Freeman, J., Spanlang, B., Kishore, S., Albery, E., Denne, M., Brown, P., Slater, M., & Nickless, A. (2017). Automated psychological therapy using immersive virtual reality for treatment of fear of heights: A single-blind, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial. The Lancet Psychiatry, 5(8), 625–632. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30226-8

Gao, T., & Li, J. (2022). The application of virtual reality in cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia: A systematic review. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 18(4), 1123–1133. https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.9822

Gao, T., & Li, J. (2022). The application of virtual reality in cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia: A systematic review. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 18(4), 1123–1133. https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.9822

Goudman, L., De Smedt, A., Jansen, J., Billot, M., Roulaud, M., Rigoard, P., & Moens, M. (2024). Virtual Reality to Improve Sleep Quality in Patients Suffering from Painful Diabetic Polyneuropathy: A Proof of Concept Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 13(23), 7163. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13237163

Goudman, L., Jansen, J., Billot, M., Vets, N., De Smedt, A., Roulaud, M., ... & Moens, M. (2024). Virtual reality applications for chronic pain management: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 13(3), 815. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13030815

Gradisar, M., Wolfson, A. R., Harvey, A. G., Hale, L., Rosenberg, R., & Czeisler, C. A. (2013). The sleep and technology use of Americans: Findings from the National Sleep Foundation's 2011 Sleep in America poll. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 9(12), 1291–1299. https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.3272

Hertenstein, E., Trinca, E., Wunderlin, M., Schneider, C. L., Züst, M. A., Feher, K. D., ... & Nissen, C. (2019). Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia in patients with mental disorders and comorbid insomnia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 62, 101597. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101597

Huyett, P., & Siegel, J. M. (2021). The economic burden of insomnia: Direct and indirect costs for individuals and health systems. Sleep and Breathing, 25(3), 1049–1057. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11325-020-02256-7

Irwin, M. R. (2015). Why sleep is important for health: A psychoneuroimmunology perspective. Annual Review of Psychology, 66, 143–172. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115205

Jahrami, H., BaHammam, A. S., Bragazzi, N. L., Saif, Z., Faris, M., & Vitiello, M. V. (2022). Sleep problems during the COVID-19 pandemic by population: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 18(1), 353–363. https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.10572

Jerath, R., & Beveridge, C. (2021). Harnessing the Spatial Foundation of Mind in Breaking Vicious Cycles in Anxiety, Insomnia, and Depression: The Future of Virtual Reality Therapy Applications. Frontiers in psychiatry, 12, 645289. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.645289

Jerath, R., & Beveridge, C. (2021). Virtual reality therapy for insomnia: A novel approach. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12, 645835. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.645835

Ma, X., Li, X., & Wang, Y. (2021). The effect of virtual reality on sleep quality: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 59, 101496. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2021.101496

Ma, X., Li, X., & Wang, Y. (2021). The effect of virtual reality on sleep quality: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 59, 101496. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2021.101496

Morin, C. M., & Jarrin, D. C. (2022). Epidemiology of insomnia: Prevalence, course, risk factors, and public health burden. Sleep Medicine Clinics, 17(2), 173–191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsmc.2022.03.003

Nordin, T., Bjälkebring, P., & Jansson-Fröjmark, M. (2022). Virtual reality for insomnia: A pilot study. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 50(5), 539–551. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1352465822000235

Nordin, T., Bjälkebring, P., & Jansson-Fröjmark, M. (2022). Virtual reality for insomnia: A pilot study. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 50(5), 539–551. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1352465822000235

Nordin, T., Bjälkebring, P., & Jansson-Fröjmark, M. (2022). Virtual reality for insomnia: A pilot study. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 50(5), 539–551. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1352465822000235

Orakpo, N., Vieux, U., & Niranjan, S. (2022). Exploring virtual reality and neurofeedback for insomnia management. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 16, 891345. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2022.891345

Orakpo, N., Yuan, C., Olukitibi, O., Burdette, J., & Arrington, K. (2022). Does Virtual Reality Feedback at Infra-Low Frequency Improve Centralized Pain With Comorbid Insomnia While Mitigating Risks for Sedative Use Disorder?: A Case Report. Frontiers in human neuroscience, 16, 915376. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2022.915376

Pan, X., Zhang, Y.-C., Ren, D., Lu, L., Wang, Y.-H., Li, G.-X., Xiao, Y., Zhou, H.-Y., & Bai, Y.-H. (2022). Virtual reality in treatment for psychological problems in first-line health care professionals fighting COVID-19 pandemic: A case series. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 210(10), 754–759. https://doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0000000000001531

Pan, Y., Zhang, L., & Liu, X. (2022). Virtual reality-based relaxation techniques for insomnia: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 210(4), 245-251. https://doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0000000000001445

Riemann, D., Baglioni, C., Bassetti, C., Bjorvatn, B., Dolenc Groselj, L., Ellis, J. G., ... & Spiegelhalder, K. (2017). European guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of insomnia. Journal of Sleep Research, 26(6), 675–700. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.12594

Rizzo, A. S., & Koenig, S. T. (2017). Is clinical virtual reality ready for primetime? Neuropsychology, 31(8), 877–899. https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0000405

Scott, J., Etain, B., Miklowitz, D. J., Crouse, J. J., Carpenter, J., Marwaha, S., ... & Scott, E. M. (2020). A systematic review and meta-analysis of sleep and circadian rhythms in bipolar disorder. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 141(3), 195–211. https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.13135

Short, M. A., Gradisar, M., Lack, L. C., & Wright, H. R. (2013). The impact of sleep on adolescent depressed mood, alertness and academic performance. Journal of Adolescence, 36(6), 1025–1033. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2013.08.007

Slater, M., & Sanchez-Vives, M. V. (2016). Enhancing our lives with immersive virtual reality. Frontiers in Robotics and AI, 3, 74. https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2016.00074

Spielman, A. J., Caruso, L. S., & Glovinsky, P. B. (1987). A behavioral perspective on insomnia treatment. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 10(4), 541–553. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0193-953X(18)30532-X

Spira, A. P., Kaufmann, C. N., & Edlund, K. (2021). The impact of sleep disorders on healthcare utilization and costs among older adults: A systematic review. Current Sleep Medicine Reports, 7(4), 139–150. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40675-021-00211-4

Trauer, J. M., Qian, M. Y., Doyle, J. S., Rajaratnam, S. M., & Cunnington, D. (2015). Cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic insomnia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of Internal Medicine, 163(3), 191–204. https://doi.org/10.7326/M14-2841

Trauer, J. M., Qian, M. Y., Doyle, J. S., Rajaratnam, S. M., & Cunnington, D. (2015). Cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic insomnia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of Internal Medicine, 163(3), 191–204. https://doi.org/10.7326/M14-2841

Trockel, M., Karlin, B. E., Taylor, C. B., & Manber, R. (2011). Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia with veterans: Evaluation of effectiveness and correlates of treatment outcomes. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(8), 441–447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2011.04.001

Valtchanov, D., Barton, K. R., & Ellard, C. (2010). Restorative effects of virtual nature settings. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 13(5), 503–512. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2009.0308

Wan, J., Li, X., & Zhang, Y. (2024). Efficacy of virtual reality mental health training system for insomnia: A randomized controlled trial. Sleep Medicine, 114, 45-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2024.01.015

XU Ou, QI Pei, ZHU Qisha. (2022). Effect of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy with Virtual Reality in the Treatment of Insomnia in Adolescents [J]. Chinese General Practice, 2022, 25(11): 1378-1382. https://doi.org/10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2021.01.412

Yeung, W. F., Chung, K. F., Zhang, Z. J., Zhang, S. P., Chan, W. C., & Ng, R. M. (2021). A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia in the context of other mental disorders. Journal of Affective Disorders, 294, 313–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.07.032

Zachariae, R., Lyby, M. S., Ritterband, L. M., & O'Toole, M. S. (2016). Efficacy of internet-delivered cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia – A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 30, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2015.10.004

Capítulo 5

Barker, J., Smith, K., & Lee, A. (2023). Assessing methodological quality in psychological research: Applications of the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist. Journal of Research Methods in Psychology, 18(2), 114–128. https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076231102245

Burin, D., Sugiura, Y., & Murayama, Y. (2022). The role of immersive virtual environments in stress reduction among young adults: A cross-cultural analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(17), 10845. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710845

Chand, A., Chandra, R., & Dutt, P. (2024). Virtual nature exposure for emotional restoration: Effects on perceived stress and mood. Scientific Reports, 14(2), 2214. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-45218-3

Cieślik, B., Dyrda, M., Szczepańska-Gieracha, J., & Gajda, R. (2025). Mechanisms of virtual reality-based relaxation in older adults. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 14(17), 6126. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14176126

Ghasemi, F. (2024). Stress and stress responses: A narrative literature review. SAGE Open, 14(3), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440241289222

Ipsos. (2024). World Mental Health Day Report 2024. https://www.ipsos.com/en-id/ipsos-world-mental-health-day-report-2024

Kaplan, R., & Kaplan, S. (1989). The experience of nature: A psychological perspective. Cambridge University Press.

Kondylakis, H., Kostagiolas, P., & Bamidis, P. (2025). Digital health technologies and virtual environments for stress management: A longitudinal approach. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 27(5), e47682. https://doi.org/10.2196/47682

Kukharuk, O., Kravchenko, D., & Rybak, I. (2025). Virtual reality-assisted relaxation therapy: A European clinical study. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 16(3), 2234. https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2025.2234

Linnig, J., Hoffmann, M., & Becker, S. (2025). The effectiveness of immersive VR environments in reducing psychological stress: Experimental evidence from Germany. Behavior Research Methods, 57(1), 211–225. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-025-02211-3

López-Ibáñez, M., Fernández, A., & Ruiz, J. (2024). Meta-analysis of reliability: A practical guide for psychological sciences. Psychological Bulletin, 150(2), 244–259. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000348

Ma, X., Wong, K., & Lee, J. (2020). Appraising the quality of cross-sectional studies: A review of current approaches. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 20(1), 231. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-020-01085-0

Mayo Clinic. (2024). Chronic stress: What it does to the body. https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/stress-management/in-depth/stress/art-20046037

McGarry, L., O’Connor, P., & Hayward, J. (2023). Virtual reality in occupational therapy: Long-term benefits for emotional regulation and stress reduction. British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 86(7), 427–439. https://doi.org/10.1177/0308022623110572

Miller, R., Chen, L., & Adams, J. (2025). Virtual stress management: Endocrine and psychological responses to immersive relaxation programs. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 167(4), 106278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2025.106278

Mofatteh, M. (2020). Risk factors associated with stress, anxiety, and depression in university students: A meta-analysis. Frontiers in Public Health, 8, 42. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00042

Moola, S., Munn, Z., Tufanaru, C., Aromataris, E., Sears, K., Sfetcu, R., & Mu, P.-F. (2020). JBI critical appraisal checklist for analytical cross-sectional studies. JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis. https://doi.org/10.46658/JBIMES-20-04

Ouzzani, M., Hammady, H., Fedorowicz, Z., & Elmagarmid, A. (2016). Rayyan — a web and mobile app for systematic reviews. Systematic Reviews, 5(1), 210. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-016-0384-4

Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., & Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, 372, n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71

Piao, X., Chen, Z., & Luo, F. (2024). Continuous worsening of population emotional stress globally. BMC Public Health, 24(1), 1078. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-20961-4

Riches, N., Walker, E., & Gibson, T. (2024). Short-term virtual reality relaxation for workplace stress reduction: An experimental study. Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science, 9(2), 145–159. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41347-024-00476-2

Schilder, J., van den Berg, L., & Meijer, A. (2024). Mindfulness and immersion: Virtual reality as a tool for stress management in adults. Stress and Health, 40(1), 33–48. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.3241

Shchaslyvyi, A. Y., Vorona, I. V., & Makarova, T. (2024). Comprehensive review of chronic stress pathways and disease progression. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 21(8), 1077. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21081077

Velana, M., Sobieraj, S., Digutsch, J., & Rinkenauer, G. (2022). Advances in immersive virtual reality interventions for stress management and relaxation among healthy adults: A systematic review. Applied Sciences, 12(14), 7309. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12147309

Publicado

enero 1 2026

Colección

Licencia

Creative Commons License

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.

Detalles sobre el formato de publicación disponible: Free download

Free download

ISBN-13 (15)

978-9942-659-38-5

Fecha de primera publicación (11)

01-01-2026